基于Linux安装过Oracle的童鞋们都应该清楚,安装Oracle的确是一件比較费时费力的差事，由于不过前期的rpm包，内核參数，创建用户等等这些个步骤都让那些新手不免眼花缭乱，一不留神。就导致终于的安装过程中报错而不得不从头来过。
如今基于Oracle Linux。Oracle只须要通过安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM包就可以所有搞定其余未安装的RPM包，解决之间的依赖关系。配置内核參数等等。客官，正在基于Oracle Linux 安装Oralce 11g？那就接着往下看。
1、oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM 软件包的功能
a、 Automatically downloading and installing any additional software packages and specific package versions needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 12 c Release 1 (12.1) or 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), with package dependencies resolved via yum or up2date capabilities.
b、Creating the user oracle and the groups oinstall (for OraInventory) and dba (for OSDBA), which are used during database installation. (For security purposes, this user has no password by default and cannot log in remotely. To enable remote login, please set a password using the passwd tool.)
c、Modifying kernel parameters in /etc/sysctl.conf to change settings for shared memory, semaphores, the maximum number of file descriptors, and so on. d、Setting hard and soft shell resource limits in /etc/security/limits.conf, such as the locked-in memory address space, the number of open files, the number of processes, and core file size.
e、Setting numa=off in the kernel for x86_64 machines.
2、操作步骤a、确保网络畅通，就可以连接到Internet。
b、已经安装了yum包管理工具。c、切换到文件夹 /etc/yum.repos.d/d、获取配置文件并进行对应改动wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo(所需安装版本号项下字段enabled=0更改为enabled=1) e、使用yum安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包(oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall)f、校验内核改动日志及原文件备份情况-- Author: Leshami-- Blog :
3、实战演习a、检查网络环境，确保网络畅通[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/issueOracle Linux Server release 6.3Kernel \r on an \m[root@oel63 ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (115.239.211.110) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 115.239.211.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=39.2 ms64 bytes from 115.239.211.110: icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=42.2 ms
b、检查yum是否已安装[root@oel63 ~]# rpm -qa | grep yumyum-utils-1.1.30-14.el6.noarchPackageKit-yum-plugin-0.5.8-20.0.1.el6.x86_64yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1-40.0.1.el6.noarchyum-plugin-security-1.1.30-14.el6.noarchyum-3.2.29-30.0.1.el6.noarchPackageKit-yum-0.5.8-20.0.1.el6.x86_64yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64
c、切换到文件夹 /etc/yum.repos.d/[root@oel63 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
d、获取配置文件并进行对应改动[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo--2014-05-16 14:41:51-- http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
Resolving public-yum.oracle.com... 184.51.198.32, 184.51.198.8, 184.51.198.65Connecting to public-yum.oracle.com|184.51.198.32|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 4233 (4.1K) [text/plain]Saving to: “public-yum-ol6.repo”100%[======================================>] 4,233 --.-K/s in 0.001s
2014-05-16 14:41:51 (5.76 MB/s) - “public-yum-ol6.repo” saved [4233/4233
[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# ls -hltrtotal 8.0K-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.2K Nov 25 04:58 public-yum-ol6.repo
[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# vi public-yum-ol6.repo#本环境为Oracle Linux 6.3，因此改动了以下2个部分。即将须要安装的部分的enabled的值置为1[ol6_u3_base]name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oraclegpgcheck=1enabled=1
[ol6_UEK_base]name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oraclegpgcheck=1enabled=1
e、使用yum安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包[root@oel63 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstallLoaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, securityol6_UEK_base | 1.2 kB 00:00 ol6_UEK_base/primary | 1.0 MB 00:01 ol6_UEK_base 36/36ol6_UEK_latest | 1.2 kB 00:00 ol6_latest | 1.4 kB 00:00 ol6_u3_base | 1.4 kB 00:00 ol6_u3_base/primary | 2.7 MB 00:11 ol6_u3_base 8452/8452Setting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-9.el6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libgcc >= 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++ = 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-10.el6_5.4 will be installed---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6 will be updated--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.80.el6 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 will be an update---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be updated---> Package libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be an update---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be updated---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be an update---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-4.el6 will be updated---> Package libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be an update---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.80.el6 will be updated---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 will be an update---> Package kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-400.34.5.el6uek will be installed---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size=================================================================================================Installing: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall x86_64 1.0-9.el6 ol6_latest 17 kInstalling for dependencies: cloog-ppl x86_64 0.15.7-1.2.el6 ol6_latest 93 k compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-1 ol6_latest 17 k compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6 ol6_latest 183 k cpp x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 ol6_latest 3.7 M gcc x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 ol6_latest 10 M gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 ol6_latest 4.7 M glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 ol6_latest 977 k glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 ol6_latest 608 k kernel-uek-headers x86_64 2.6.32-400.34.5.el6uek ol6_latest 737 k ksh x86_64 20120801-10.el6_5.4 ol6_latest 756 k libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 ol6_latest 13 k libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 ol6_latest 1.6 M mpfr x86_64 2.4.1-6.el6 ol6_latest 156 k ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 ol6_latest 1.3 MUpdating for dependencies: glibc x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 ol6_latest 3.8 M glibc-common x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 ol6_latest 14 M libgcc x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 ol6_latest 100 k libgomp x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 ol6_latest 118 k libstdc++ x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 ol6_latest 292 k
Transaction Summary=================================================================================================Install 15 Package(s)Upgrade 5 Package(s)
Total download size: 43 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:(1/20): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00 (2/20): compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm | 17 kB 00:00 (3/20): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm | 183 kB 00:00 (4/20): cpp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 3.7 MB 00:08 (5/20): gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 10 MB 00:26 (6/20): gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 4.7 MB 00:19 (7/20): glibc-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 3.8 MB 00:08 (8/20): glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 14 MB 00:32 (9/20): glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 977 kB 00:01 (10/20): glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 608 kB 00:00 (11/20): kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-400.34.5.el6uek.x86_64.rpm | 737 kB 00:01 (12/20): ksh-20120801-10.el6_5.4.x86_64.rpm | 756 kB 00:01 (13/20): libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm | 13 kB 00:00 (14/20): libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 100 kB 00:00 (15/20): libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 118 kB 00:00 (16/20): libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 292 kB 00:00 (17/20): libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:03 (18/20): mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 156 kB 00:00 (19/20): oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64.rpm | 17 kB 00:00 (20/20): ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.3 MB 00:02 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 396 kB/s | 43 MB 01:51 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEYRetrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Importing GPG key 0xEC551F03: Userid : Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group) <build@oss.oracle.com> Package: 6:oraclelinux-release-6Server-3.0.2.x86_64 (@anaconda-OracleLinuxServer-201206261930.x86_64/6.3) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracleIs this ok [y/N]: yRunning rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Updating : libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 1/25 Updating : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 2/25 Updating : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 3/25 Updating : libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 4/25 Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 5/25 Installing : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 6/25 Installing : cpp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 7/25 Installing : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 8/25 Installing : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 9/25 Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 10/25 Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 11/25 Installing : ksh-20120801-10.el6_5.4.x86_64 12/25 Updating : libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 13/25 Installing : kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-400.34.5.el6uek.x86_64 14/25 Installing : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 15/25 Installing : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 16/25 Installing : gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 17/25 Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 18/25 Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 19/25 Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64 20/25 Cleanup : libstdc++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 21/25 Cleanup : libgomp-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 22/25 Cleanup : glibc-common-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64 23/25 Cleanup : glibc-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64 24/25 Cleanup : libgcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 25/25 Verifying : glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 1/25 Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 2/25 Verifying : gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 3/25 Verifying : libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 4/25 Verifying : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 5/25 Verifying : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 6/25 Verifying : cpp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 7/25 Verifying : kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-400.34.5.el6uek.x86_64 8/25 Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 9/25 Verifying : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 10/25 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 11/25 Verifying : gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 12/25 Verifying : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 13/25 Verifying : ksh-20120801-10.el6_5.4.x86_64 14/25 Verifying : libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 15/25 Verifying : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-9.el6.x86_64 16/25 Verifying : glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 17/25 Verifying : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 18/25 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.132.el6_5.1.x86_64 19/25 Verifying : libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 20/25 Verifying : libstdc++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 21/25 Verifying : glibc-common-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64 22/25 Verifying : glibc-2.12-1.80.el6.x86_64 23/25 Verifying : libgomp-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 24/25 Verifying : libgcc-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64 25/25Installed: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-9.el6
Dependency Installed: cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-400.34.5.el6uek ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-10.el6_5.4 mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6
Dependency Updated: glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6_5.1 libgcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 Complete!
f、校验结果[root@oel63 ~]# cd /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/[root@oel63 results]# lsorakernel.log[root@oel63 results]# more orakernel.logAdding group oinstall with gid 54321Adding group dbaAdding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary group dba and home directory /home/oracleChanging ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstallPlease set password for oracle useruid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)Creating oracle user passed
Verifying kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...Adding fs.file-max = 6815744 Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall is higher than preinstall config.kernel.shmall = 4294967296kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104Changing kernel.shmmax to match preinstall configAdding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144 Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...Altered file /etc/sysctl.confOriginal file backed up at /etc/sysctl.conf.orabackupVerifying & setting of kernel parameters passed
Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.conf
Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...Adding oracle soft nofile 1024Adding oracle hard nofile 65536 .............
Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...Boot parameters will be effected on next rebootAltered file /boot/grub/grub.confOriginal file backed up at /boot/grub/grub.conf.orabackupVerifying & setting of boot parameters passed
Disabling Transparent Hugepages. Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
Disabling defrag. Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/May-16-2014-14-53-37 #最后一句给出了相关的备份信息
#以下是查看备份文件[root@oel63 results]# cd /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup[root@oel63 backup]# lsMay-16-2014-14-53-37[root@oel63 backup]# cd May-16-2014-14-53-37/[root@oel63 May-16-2014-14-53-37]# lsgrub.conf limits.conf orakernel.log sysctl.conf
#校验Oracle用户，注，须要为Oracle用户改动密码。此处省略[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |grep oracleoracle:x:54321:54321::/home/oracle:/bin/bash[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/group |grep dba dba:x:54322:oracle[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/group |grep oinstalloinstall:x:54321:
4、參考链接:
很多其它參考
有关Oracle RAC请參考
有关Oracle 网络配置相关基础以及概念性的问题请參考：
有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请參考
有关RMAN的备份恢复与管理请參考
有关ORACLE体系结构请參考